新疆果树原胶的出胶调查

以新疆果树为试材,研究了山桃、蟠桃、桃杏、杏、巴旦杏、李子、李子幼林、水蜜桃、黄果山楂、新疆梨、石榴共11个果树原胶的出胶率和出胶量.结果表明:山桃、蟠桃、巴旦杏、桃杏和杏的出胶率和出胶量较大,高达90％的树木都出胶,且单株出胶量多在40～50 g;李子和水蜜桃的出胶率则较小,一般在25％,单株出胶量1～3 g;黄果山楂、新疆梨和石榴未发现出胶.     

In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of gum arabic under concentrate and forage substrate conditions

Gum arabic (GA) has potential rumen modifier functions. This is the first study to investigate the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of GA. Rumen fluid was collected from ruminal fistulated wethers; rolled barley and ryegrass straw were used as substrates for concentrate and forage conditions, respectively. Besides incubating with the substrates alone (control), GA or potato starch (PS) was added at 0.2%, 1.0%, and 2.0% along with substrates. Under the concentrate substrate condition, GA treatments showed higher total gas production in 24-h incubation, but lower methane production in 24- and 48-h incubation compared with PS treatments (p < 0.05). The 1.0% and 2.0% GA and 0.2% and 1.0% PS treatments showed higher dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility and lower NH₃-N, and higher short chain fatty acid concentrations compared with the control at 24-h incubation (p < 0.05). The GA treatments also showed a lower acetate/propionate ratio than PS treatments at 48-h incubation (p < 0.01). Under the forage substrate condition, the treatment effects were not significant, except for a higher proportion of propionate with GA than with PS at 24 and 48 h of incubations. We thus concluded that GA supplement may exert potential rumen modifier effects particularly under concentrate feeding condition.     

脱色仙草叶胶对树薯淀粉可食膜机械性质及水气阻隔性的影响

仙草为中国传统的药用植物。探讨了以淀粉和仙草叶胶制备可食膜的可行性。未来将进一步探讨脱色仙草叶胶添加树薯淀粉可食膜微结构的变化。     

气相色谱分析方法在脂松香种类化学鉴别上的研究

用纯马尾松松脂、纯湿地松松脂、纯思茅松松脂制得松香样品;应用DB-5毛细管柱对松香样品中主要的树脂酸含量进行了气相色谱定量分析;通过测定松香样品中异海松酸GC含量和海松酸/异海松酸GC含量的比值,可以确定并鉴别松香所属种类.纯马尾松、湿地松、思茅松松香的异海松酸GC含量及海松酸/异海松酸GC含量的比值分别是:＜2%为8.58;4%～5%为1.24;≥14%为0.24.     

黄原胶溶液流变特性及应用研究进展

综述了黄原胶溶液的流变特性,以及黄原胶溶液的流变特性在食品工业及化学工业中的应用;重点论述了黄原胶作为悬浮剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、增稠剂等在食品工业和日用化学工业中的应用,并指出了黄原胶今后研究的发展方向．     

1995～2002年中国脂松香质量调查研究与统计分析

从各种不同渠道详细调查了1995年至2002年中国脂松香的质量状况，对调查结果进行了统计分析，并将调查结果与脂松香国家标准（GB／T8145－1987）的各项主要技术指标进行了相应的对比研究，结果表明，单就技术指标的统计平均结果而言，各个级别的脂松香质量均优于目前的国家标准要求，而且仍然具有国际领先水平，但是，“混合松香”等质量问题必须引起各方面的足够重视，根据中国采脂树种和客户实际需求的不断变化，按照不同树种或不同用途分别制定分类松香标准或专用松香标准将是未来质量要求的发展趋势。     

AH型非贵金属催化松香歧化反应动力学研究

用AH型非贵金属催化剂催化松香歧化反应,考察了搅拌速率、催化剂粒度、反应温度、反应时间对反应的影响,建立了动力学方程。确认在240~270℃范围反应为一级,求出在240、250、260和270℃时的反应速率常数分别为2.9×10-3、3.1×10-3、1.42×10-2和2.51×10-2min-1。表观活化能E为184.80×103kJ/mol,频率因子A=1.453×1016。     

Deterioration of a sustainable agro-silvo-pastoral system in the Sudan: the gum gardens of Kordofan

The development and establishment of agroforestry systems is often suggested as a way to stabilize rural economies in developing countries [King, 1979]. At the same time, some traditional systems are being lost, due to an inability to protect the perennial or tree crop components of the system. These traditional systems and the forces that reinforce or destroy them should be carefully studied by those in the process of encouraging adoption of agroforestry systems in the developing world. The gum gardens of Western Sudan are a case in point.Acacia senegal (hashab) andAcacia seyal (talh) are the two major marketable gum-producing trees found in the western region of Sudan. TheAcacias are grown as part of an agro-silvo-pastoral system that has persisted for more than a hundred years in Kordofan Province, where 70% of Sudan's gum Arabic was once produced, as well as most of its grain and livestock products. After a lengthy drought lasting from 1979 to 1985 gum production in Sudan drastically decreased. It was reported that pest attacks and drought were major causal agents in the decline of gum production [Awouda, 1989; Sungar, 1986]. A survey executed in Northern Kordofan Province, starting in August of 1986, did uncover a great number of deadAcacias due to drought and pest attack, but from interviews with gum farmers we conclude that the decline in gum production is largely due to unfavorable socioeconomic relationships exacerbated by the drought, leading to the deterioration of the agroforestry system of production. An inability to get a fair price for gum at the local level and increasing emphasis on a cash economy led to the neglect of the tree components of the system. The gum gardens have long flourished with the intensive husbandry of small-scale farmers. Once these farmers were no longer able to care for them, the gum trees disappeared from the system, indicating that a lack of community stability can be fatal to even a well-developed agroforestry system.     

罗望子胶结构、性能、生产及其在食品工业中的应用

介绍了罗望子胶的结构、性能、生产及其在食品工业中用作增黏稳定剂、冰晶稳定剂、胶凝剂、品质改良剂等;并论述了罗望子胶在国内外的发展现状。